Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Dutch
kogge
←
German
Kogge
(cognate)
←
Middle Dutch
cogghe
(derived)
←
Proto-Germanic
*kuggō
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*gugā
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*gēu-
(mention)
←
Lithuanian
gugà
(cognate)
←
Swedish
kogg
(cognate)
→
English
cog
(cognate)
→
English
cog
(mention)