Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Dutch
kaste
←
German
Kaste
(cognate)
←
English
caste
(cognate)
←
French
caste
(cognate)
←
Latin
castus
(derived)
←
Portuguese
casta
(derived)
←
Portuguese
casto
(mention)