Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Latin
lamento
←
Latin
lāmentum
(cognate)
→
Catalan
lamentar
(derived)
→
Spanish
lamentar
(derived)
→
Portuguese
lamentar
(derived)