Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Latin
erugo
←
Proto-Indo-European
*h₁rewg-
(root)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*h₁rewg-
(inherited)
←
Latin
ex-
(affix)
←
Latin
rūgō
(affix)
←
Latin
ērūgātiō
(link)
←
Latin
ex-
(affix)
←
Latin
*rūgō
(affix)
←
Latin
ēructātiō
(link)
←
Latin
ēructō
(link)
←
Latin
ēructus
(link)
←
Latin
exērūgō
(link)
→
Persian
آروغ
(cognate)