Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Latin
bulga
←
Gaulish
bolgā
(borrowed)
←
Proto-Celtic
*bolgos
(derived)
→
English
budge
(cognate)
→
Old French
bouge
(borrowed)