Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Latin
Mahometus
←
Arabic
مُحَمَّد
(derived)
→
English
Mahomet
(mention)
→
Middle English
Macomet
(mention)
→
Polish
Mahomet
(borrowed)