Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Latin
Arabs
←
Arabic
عَرَب
(derived)
←
Ancient Greek
Ἄραψ
(borrowed)
→
Spanish
árabe
(borrowed)
→
Portuguese
árabe
(derived)