Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Japanese
鉄道
←
German
Eisenbahn
(calque)
→
Japanese
地下鉄
(mention)
→
Japanese
地下鉄道
(compound)
→
Japanese
鉄オタ
(affix)