Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Japanese
火器
←
Mandarin
-
(cognate)
←
Middle Chinese
火器
(mention)
←
Chinese
火器
(mention)
→
Japanese
小火器
(prefix)