Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Japanese
南蛮
←
Mandarin
-
(cognate)
←
Japanese
紅毛
(mention)
←
Middle Chinese
南蠻
(mention)
→
Japanese
南蛮人
(compound)
→
Japanese
紅毛
(mention)
→
Japanese
紅毛
(mention)
→
Japanese
南蛮烏瓜
(compound)
→
Japanese
ナンバンギセル
(compound)