Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Japanese
ピタゴラス
←
Ancient Greek
Πυθαγόρας
(learned borrowing)
→
Japanese
ピタゴラスの定理
(compound)