Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Japanese
ケンタウルス
←
Ancient Greek
κένταυρος
(derived)
←
Latin
centaurus
(learned borrowing)
→
Japanese
ケンタウルス座
(suffix)