Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Italian sporco
Proto-Indo-European *sperH- (derived)
Latin spurcus (inherited)

Italian sporcizia (suffix)
Italian sporchissimo (affix)
Italian sporcaccione (mention)
Italian sporcamente (suffix)
Sicilian sporcu (borrowed)
Serbo-Croatian šporak (borrowed)
Venetian spórco (cognate)