Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Italian
sporco
←
Proto-Indo-European
*sperH-
(derived)
←
Latin
spurcus
(inherited)
→
Italian
sporcizia
(suffix)
→
Italian
sporchissimo
(affix)
→
Italian
sporcaccione
(mention)
→
Italian
sporcamente
(suffix)
→
Sicilian
sporcu
(borrowed)
→
Serbo-Croatian
šporak
(borrowed)
→
Venetian
spórco
(cognate)