Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Italian
petroso
←
Italian
pietroso
(doublet)
←
Latin
petrōsus
(derived)
→
Italian
pietroso
(doublet)
→
Italian
petrosità
(affix)