Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Italian
guelfo
←
English
Bavarian
(link)
←
Middle High German
Welf
(derived)
←
Italian
Guelfo
(mention)
→
English
Guelph
(derived)
→
Spanish
güelfo
(borrowed)
→
Italian
neoguelfo
(prefix)
→
Italian
guelfismo
(suffix)