Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Italian
falange
←
Ancient Greek
φάλαγξ
(derived)
←
Italian
falanga
(mention)
←
Italian
palanca
(mention)
←
Latin
phalanx
(borrowed)
→
Italian
palanca
(mention)
→
Italian
falanghina
(mention)