Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Icelandic
vetur
←
Proto-Germanic
*wintruz
(derived)
←
Old Norse
vetr
(derived)
→
English
winter
(cognate)
→
Icelandic
fimbulvetur
(mention)
→
Icelandic
vetrarbraut
(link)
→
Icelandic
vetraríþrótt
(affix)
→
Icelandic
vetrardvali
(affix)