Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Icelandic
sterkur
←
Proto-Germanic
*starkuz
(inherited)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*sterg-
(derived)
←
Old Norse
starkr
(inherited)
→
English
stark
(cognate)
→
Luxembourgish
staark
(cognate)