Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Icelandic
hvalur
←
Proto-Germanic
*hwalaz
(inherited)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*(s)kʷálos
(inherited)
←
Old Norse
hvalr
(inherited)
→
Icelandic
náhvalur
(mention)
→
Icelandic
hvalaskoðun
(compound)
→
Icelandic
hvalkjöt
(compound)
→
Icelandic
hvalstöð
(compound)
→
Icelandic
hvalveiði
(compound)
→
Icelandic
tannhvalur
(compound)
→
Icelandic
skíðhvalur
(compound)
→
Icelandic
gráhvalur
(affix)
→
Icelandic
hvalreki
(compound)
→
Luxembourgish
Wal
(cognate)