Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Icelandic
happ
←
Old Norse
happ
(derived)
→
English
hap
(cognate)
→
Icelandic
óhapp
(affix)
→
Icelandic
happadrjúgur
(compound)