Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Icelandic geir
← Proto-Germanic *gaizaz (derived)
← Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰays- (derived)
← Old Norse geirr (derived)

→ English gar (cognate)
→ Icelandic Geir (mention)
→ Icelandic geirvarta (affix)
→ Icelandic atgeir (prefix)