Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Icelandic
gómur
←
Proto-Germanic
*gōmô
(derived)
←
Old Norse
gómr
(derived)
→
English
gum
(mention)
→
Icelandic
gómsætur
(compound)
→
Icelandic
gómfilla
(affix)
→
Luxembourgish
Gumm
(cognate)
→
Lithuanian
gomurys
(cognate)