Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Icelandic
baugur
←
Old English
bēah
(cognate)
←
Proto-Germanic
*baugaz
(derived)
←
Proto-Germanic
*beuganą
(mention)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*bʰewgʰ-
(root)
←
Old Norse
baugr
(derived)
→
English
beag
(cognate)
→
Icelandic
bót
(link)
→
Icelandic
geislabaugur
(affix)
→
Icelandic
miðbaugur
(affix)
→
Icelandic
baugfingur
(compound)
→
Icelandic
heimskautsbaugur
(affix)