Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Proto-Indo-European
*gewt-
→
English
cod
(derived)
→
English
cuttle
(derived)
→
Old English
codd
(derived)
→
Middle English
cod
(derived)
→
Proto-Germanic
cudele
(derived(gem-pro/ang))
→
Swedish
kudde
(derived)