Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-m̥n-eh₂

→ Spanish hembra (inherited)
→ Ido femina (derived)
→ Norman femme (inherited)
→ Norman faume (inherited)
→ Norman faumme (inherited)
→ Portuguese fêmea (inherited)
→ Walloon feme (inherited)