Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Proto-Indo-European
*bʰówdʰi
→
Welsh
budd
(inherited)
→
Old Irish
Badb
(derived)
→
Old Irish
búaid
(inherited)