Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Proto-Indo-Iranian
*Hrátʰas
→
Avestan
𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬀
(inherited)
→
Hindi
रथ
(derived)
→
Pali
ratha
(inherited)
→
Sanskrit
रथ
(inherited)
→
Old Armenian
երախայ
(cognate)