Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Proto-West Germanic *aiw

Old English æ (inherited)
Old English a (derived)
German Ehe (inherited)
Middle Dutch ewe (inherited)
Old High German io (inherited)
Old High German ewa (inherited)
Dutch ee (inherited)
Dutch eeuw (inherited)