Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Galician
seixo
←
Spanish
saxo
(cognate)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*sek-
(derived)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*sek-
(derived(gl/pt))
←
Italian
sasso
(cognate)
←
Latin
saxum
(inherited)
←
Portuguese
seixo
(cognate)
→
Galician
seixada
(suffix)