Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Galician
montaña
←
Spanish
montaña
(cognate)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*men-
(derived)
←
Latin
montānus
(inherited)
←
Latin
mōns
(mention)
←
Portuguese
montanha
(cognate)
←
Old Portuguese
montanna
(inherited)
→
Galician
montañoso
(suffix)