Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Galician
lanza
←
Proto-Indo-European
*pleh₂k-
(derived)
←
Latin
lancea
(inherited)
←
Old Portuguese
lança
(inherited)
→
Galician
lanceiro
(suffix)
→
Portuguese
lança
(cognate)