Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Galician
cheo
←
Spanish
lleno
(cognate)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*pl̥h₁nós
(derived)
←
Proto-Italic
*plēnos
(derived)
←
Latin
plēnus
(inherited)
←
Portuguese
cheio
(cognate)
←
Old Portuguese
chẽo
(inherited)
→
Portuguese
cheio
(cognate)