Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Galician
astroso
←
Ancient Greek
ἄστρον
(derived)
←
Latin
astrum
(mention)
←
Old Portuguese
astroso
(inherited)
→
Portuguese
astroso
(cognate)