Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Galician
aguillar
←
Spanish
aguijar
(cognate)
←
Latin
aculeus
(derived)
←
Portuguese
aguilhar
(cognate)
←
Old Portuguese
aguillar
(inherited)
→
Galician
guillo
(back-formation)