Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Proto-Germanic *-ōstaz

β†’ Middle Dutch -st (mention)
β†’ Gothic -𐍉𐍃𐍄𐍃 (inherited)
β†’ Luxembourgish -st (mention)
β†’ Swedish -ast (derived)