Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Scottish Gaelic
tagh
←
Proto-Celtic
*toguso-
(inherited)
←
Irish
togh
(cognate)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*ǵews-
(root)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*ǵews-
(derived)
←
Middle Irish
togaid
(inherited)
←
Old Irish
do·goa
(inherited)
→
Irish
togh
(cognate)
→
Scottish Gaelic
ath-thagh
(prefix)