Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
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Scottish Gaelic ruith
Proto-Celtic *reteti (inherited)
Proto-Indo-European *Hret- (derived)
Old Irish reithid (inherited)

Scottish Gaelic ath-ruith (prefix)
Scottish Gaelic ruith-chunntas (affix)
Scottish Gaelic eadar-ruitheach (affix)