Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
Scottish Gaelic cliù
Proto-Celtic *klowos (inherited)
Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (root)
Proto-Indo-European *ḱléwos (inherited)
Old Irish clú (inherited)

Scottish Gaelic luaidh (link)
Scottish Gaelic mì-chliùitich (confix)
Scottish Gaelic mì-chliù (prefix)
Scottish Gaelic cliùiteach (affix)