Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Scottish Gaelic
cearcall
←
Latin
circulus
(derived)
←
Old Irish
circul
(inherited)
→
Irish
ciorcal
(cognate)
→
Scottish Gaelic
cearclach
(affix)
→
Manx
kiarkyl
(cognate)