Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Scottish Gaelic
bann
←
English
band
(borrowed)
←
Irish
banna
(cognate)
←
Proto-Germanic
*bindaną
(derived)
←
Gothic
𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌹
(cognate)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*bʰendʰ-
(derived)
←
Old Norse
band
(derived)
←
Sanskrit
बध्नाति
(cognate)
→
Scottish Gaelic
bannach
(affix)
→
Scottish Gaelic
co-bhanntachd
(confix)