Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
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Scottish Gaelic athair
Proto-Celtic *ɸatīr (inherited)
Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr (inherited)
Old Irish athair (inherited)

Scottish Gaelic àrd-athair (affix)
Scottish Gaelic leas-athair (prefix)
Scottish Gaelic taobh athar (compound)