Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Irish
gabhal
←
Proto-Indo-European
*gʰeh₁bʰ-
(root)
←
Old Irish
gabul
(inherited)
→
English
gee
(cognate)
→
English
gavelock
(cognate)
→
Irish
gabhlóg
(affix)
→
Irish
gabhlán
(affix)