Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Irish
diúc
←
English
duke
(borrowed)
←
Latin
dux
(derived)
→
Irish
ard-diúc
(prefix)
→
Irish
bandiúc
(affix)