Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Irish
astralaí
←
Ancient Greek
ἀστρολόγος
(borrowed)
←
Latin
astrologus
(derived)
←
Old Irish
astrolaic
(inherited)
→
Irish
astralaíocht
(affix)