Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
Irish
agair
←
Irish
ar
(mention)
←
Proto-Indo-European
*ǵeh₂r-
(root)
←
Old Irish
ad·gair
(inherited)
→
Irish
agrach
(affix)
→
Irish
agróir
(affix)
→
Scottish Gaelic
agair
(cognate)