French sapeur

← French saper (suffix)

← French eur (suffix)

← French fumer comme un sapeur (link)

← French sape (suffix)

← French eur (suffix)

← Middle French sappeur (inherited)

→ English sapper (cognate)

→ English sapeur (borrowed)

→ French saper (link)

→ Kazakh сапёр (derived)

→ Norwegian Bokmål sappør (borrowed)

→ Norwegian Nynorsk sappør (borrowed)

→ Russian сапёр (borrowed)