Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
French
rugueux
←
Latin
rugōsus
(borrowed)
→
English
rugous
(cognate)
→
French
rocailleux
(mention)
→
French
rugueusement
(suffix)
→
Romanian
rugos
(borrowed)