Examples: cartography card archaeology archetype monarchy legal loyal purse personal cinema kinase car carpenter hippopotamus Mesopotamia dative data date
...
French roux
Old French ros (inherited)
Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (derived)
Latin russus (inherited)

English roux (borrowed)
English Rousseau (mention)
English rubaboo (derived)
Catalan ros (cognate)
French rouquin (suffix)
French Rousseau (affix)
French roussâtre (suffix)
Portuguese roxo (cognate)