Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
French
pieuvre
←
French
poulpe
(doublet)
←
Ancient Greek
πολύπους
(derived)
←
Latin
polypūs
(derived)
←
Norman
pieuvre
(derived)
→
Italian
piovra
(borrowed)
→
Portuguese
polvo
(mention)