Examples:
cartography
card
archaeology
archetype
monarchy
legal
loyal
purse
personal
cinema
kinase
car
carpenter
hippopotamus
Mesopotamia
dative
data
date
...
French
caroube
←
Arabic
خَرُّوب
(derived)
←
Middle French
carobe
(inherited)
→
French
caroubier
(affix)
→
Italian
carruba
(cognate)